nH2= 0,35(mol)

a) PTHH: Mg +  2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

x_________2x_______x______x(mol)

PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y________2y________y_____y(mol)

Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)

a)

Gọi 

\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2

Vậy : 

\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)

b)

Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng :

\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)

Sửa đề: đktc → đkc

a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: 24n_Mg + 56n_Fe = 13,2 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ m _{muối khan} = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)

d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1:

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)

Bài 12:

Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:

\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,456}{22,4}=0,065mol\\ BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}\\ \Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=2.0,065=0,13mol\\ BTKL:m_{kl}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{khí}\\ \Leftrightarrow1,61+0,13.36,5=m_{muối}+0,065.44\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{muối}=3,495g\)

Ta có: n_N2 = 0,22 (mol)

⇒ n_NO3^- = 10n_N2 = 2,2 (mol)

⇒ m _muối = m_X + m_NO3^- = 31 + 2,2.62 = 167,4 (g)

n_HNO3 = 12n_N2 = 2,64 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{2,64}{2}=1,32\left(l\right)=1320\left(ml\right)\)

a) 

Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             a-->2a--------->a------>a

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             b---->3b------->b------>1,5b

=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

n_HCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)

=> m_HCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)

=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)

c) 

m_{dd sau pư} = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(BTKL:\)

\(m_{O_2}=34-20.4=13.6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13.6}{32}=0.425\left(mol\right)\)

\(BTNTO:\)

\(n_{H_2O}=2n_{O_2}=2\cdot0.425=0.85\left(mol\right)\)

\(BTNTH:\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=2\cdot0.85=1.7\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Muối}=m_{Kl}+m_{Cl^-}=20.4+1.7\cdot35.5=80.75\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1:

Gọi số mol của Mg, Fe lần lượt là a, b (mol)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl ===> MgCl₂ + H₂

a.............................................a

Fe + 2HCl ===> FeCl₂ + H₂

b...........................................b

n_H2 = 11,2 / 22,4 = 0,5 (mol)

Lập các số mol trên phương trình, ta có:

\(\begin{cases}24x+56y=23,2\\x+y=0,5\end{cases}\)

\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,15\\y=0,35\end{cases}\)

=> m_Mg = 0,15 x 24 = 3,6 gam

m_Fe = 0,35 x 56 = 19,6 gam